The various thin-film technologies currently being developed reduce the amount (or mass) of light absorbing material required in creating a solar cell.
This can lead to reduced processing costs from that of bulk materials (in the case of silicon thin films) but also tends to reduce energy conversion efficiency (an average 7 to 10% efficiency), although many multi-layer thin films have efficiencies above those of bulk silicon wafers.
They have become popular compared to wafer silicon due to lower costs and advantages including flexibility, lighter weights, and ease of integration.
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